Literatur
- 1
Bauer M P, Notermans D W, Benthem B HB et al.
Clostridium difficile infection in Europe: a hospital-based survey.
Lancet.
published online
2010;
DOI: 10.1016 /S0140-6736(10)61 266-4
- 2
van Zuccaro Jr G, Richter J E, Rice T W et al.
Viridans streptococcal bacteremia after esophageal stricture dilation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1998;
48
568-573
- 3
Nelson D B, Sanderson S J, Azar M M.
Bacteremia with esophageal dilation.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1998;
48
563-567
- 4
Hirota W K, Wortmann G W, Maydonovitch C L et al.
The effect of oral decontamination with clindamycin palmitate on the incidence of
bacteremia after esophageal dilation: a prospective trial.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1999;
50
475-479
- 5
Camara D S, Gruber M, Barde C J et al.
Transient bacteremia following endoscopic injection sclerotherapy of esophageal varices.
Arch Intern Med.
1983;
143
1350-1352
- 6
Cohen L B, Korsten M A, Scherl E J et al.
Bacteremia after endoscopic injection sclerosis.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1983;
29
198-200
- 7
Brayko C M, Kozarek R A, Sanowski R A et al.
Bacteremia during esophageal variceal sclerotherapy: its cause and prevention.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1985;
31
10-12
- 8
Snady H, Korsten M A, Waye J D.
The relationship of bacteremia to the length of injection needle in endoscopic variceal
sclerotherapy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1985;
31
243-246
- 9
Lo G H, Lai K H, Shen M T et al.
A comparison of the incidence of transient bacteremia and infectious sequelae after
sclerotherapy and rubber band ligation of bleeding esophageal varices.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1994;
40
675-679
- 10
Lo G H, Lai K H, Cheng J S et al.
A prospective, randomized trial of sclerotherapy versus ligation in the management
of bleeding esophageal varices.
Hepatology.
1995;
22
466-471
- 11
Tseng C C, Green R M, Burke S K et al.
Bacteremia after endoscopic band ligation of esophageal varices.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1992;
38
336-337
- 12
Berner J S, Gaing A A, Sharma R et al.
Sequelae after esophageal variceal ligation and sclerotherapy: a prospective randomized
study.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1994;
89
852-858
- 13
da Silveira Rohr M R, Siqueira E S, Brant C Q et al.
Prospective study of bacteremia rate after elastic band ligation and sclerotherapy
of esophageal varices in patients with hepatosplenic schistosomiasis.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1997;
46
321-323
- 14
Nelson D B.
Infectious disease complications of GI endoscopy: part I, endogenous infections.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
57
546-556
- 15
Linnemann C, Weisman E, Wenger J.
Blood cultures following endoscopy of the esophagus and stomach.
South Med J.
1971;
64
1055, passim
- 16
Shull Jr H J, Greene B M, Allen S D et al.
Bacteremia with upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Ann Intern Med.
1975;
83
212-214
- 17
Liebermann T R.
Bacteremia and fiberoptic endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1976;
23
36-37
- 18
Mellow M H, Lewis R J.
Endoscopy-related bacteremia. Incidence of positive blood cultures after endoscopy
of upper gastrointestinal tract.
Arch Intern Med.
1976;
136
667-669
- 19
Baltch A L, Buhac I, Agrawal A et al.
Bacteremia after upper gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Arch Intern Med.
1977;
137
594-597
- 20
Stray N, Midtvedt T, Valnes K et al.
Endoscopy-related bacteremia.
Scand J Gastroenterol.
1978;
13
345-347
- 21
Kirk A, Graham-Brown R, Perinpanayagam R M et al.
Bacteraemia and upper gastrointestinal fibre-endoscopy.
J Royal Soc Med.
1979;
72
409-411
- 22
Norfleet R G, Mitchell P D, Mulholland D D et al.
Does bacteremia follow upper gastrointestinal endoscopy?.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1981;
76
420-422
- 23
Goldman G D, Miller S A, Furman D S et al.
Does bacteremia occur during flexible sigmoidoscopy?.
Am J Gastroenterol.
1985;
80
621-623
- 24
Llach J, Elizalde J I, Bordas J M et al.
Prospective assessment of the risk of bacteremia in cirrhotic patients undergoing
lower intestinal endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
1999;
49
214-217
- 25
Levy M J, Norton I D, Wiersema M J et al.
Prospective risk assesment of bacteremia and other infectious complications in patients
undergoing EUS-guided FNA.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2003;
57
672-678
- 26
Janssen J, König K, Knop-Hammad V et al.
Frequency of bacteremia after linear EUS of the upper GI tract with and without FNA.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2004;
59
339-344
- 27
Barawi M, Gottlieb K, Cunha B et al.
A prospective evaluation of the incidence of bacteremia associated with EUS-guided
fine-needle aspiration.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2001;
53
189-192
- 28
Roberts G J.
Dentists are innocent! „Everyday“ bacteremia is the real culprit: a review and assessment
of the evidence that dental surgical procedures as a cause of bacterial endocarditis
in children.
Pediatr Cardiol.
1999;
20
317-325
- 29
Guntheroth W G.
How important are dental procedures as a cause of infective endocarditis?.
Am J Cardiol.
1984;
54
797-801
- 30
Sauter G H, Grabenbein B, Sauerbruch T.
Antibiotische Prophylaxe und Therapie infektiöser Komplikationen in der gastrointestinalen
Endoskopie. Empfehlungen der Deutschen Gesellschaft für Verdauungs- und Stoffwechselerkrankungen.
Demeter.
2002;
41-56
- 31
Rosien U.
Recommendations for antibiotic prophylaxis prior to gastrointestinal endoscopy in
patients with increased risk of endocarditis.
Z Gastroenterol.
2009;
47 (2)
237-239
. Epub 2009 Feb 5
- 32
Naber C K, Al-Nawas B, Baumgartner H et al.
Prophylaxe der infektiösen Endokarditis.
Kardiologe.
2007;
1
243-250
- 33
Wilson W, Taubert K A, Gewitz M et al.
Prevention of infective endocarditis: guidelines from the American Heart Assosciatian:
a guideline from the American Heart Association Rheumatic Fever, Endokarditis, and
Kawasaki Disease Committee, Council on Cardiovascular Disease in the Young, and the
Council on Clinical Cardiology, Council on Cardiovascular Surgery and Anesthesia,
and the Quality of Care and Outcomes Research Interdisciplinary Working Group.
Circulation.
2007;
116
1736-1754
- 34
ESC Guidelines on the prevention, diagnosis and treatment of infective endokarditis.
European Heart Journal.
2009;
30
2369-2413
- 35
Allison M C, Sandoe J AT, Tighe R et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis in gastrointestinal endoscopy.
Gut.
2009;
58
869-880
- 36
Banerjee S, Shen B, Baron T H et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for GI endoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2008;
67
791-798
- 37
Baddour L M, Bettmann M A, Bolger A F et al.
Nonvalvular cardiovascular device-related infections.
Circulation.
2003;
108
2015-2031
- 38
Baddour L M, Epstein A E, Erickson C C et al.
Update on cardiovascular implantable electronic device infections and their management:
A scientific statement from the American Heart Assosciation.
Circulation.
2010;
121
458-477
- 39
Yip T, Tse K C, Lam M F et al.
Risks and outcomes of peritonitis after flexible colonoscopy in CAPD patients.
Peritoneal Dialysis International.
2007;
27
560-564
- 40
Lipp A, Lusardi G.
Systemic antimicrobial prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy.
The Cochrane Library.
2009;
Issue1
- 41
Sharma V K, Howden C W.
Meta-analysis of randomised, controlled trials of antibiotic prophylaxis before percutaneous
endoscopic gastrostomy.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2000;
95
3133-3136
- 42
Jafri N S, Mahid S S, Minor K S et al.
Meta-analysis:antibiotic prophylaxis to prevent peristomal infection following percutaneous
endoscopic gastrostomy.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2007;
25
647-656
- 43
Ahmad I, Mounchar A, Abdoolah A et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis for percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy – a prospective, randomised,
double-blind trial.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2003;
18
209-215
- 44
Maple J T, Petersen B T, Baron T H et al.
Direct percutaneous endoscopic jejunostomy:outcomes in 397 consecutive attempts.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2005;
100
2681-2688
- 45
Shastri Y M, Hoepffner N, Tessmer A et al.
New introducer PEG gastropexy does not require prophylactic antibiotics:multicenter
prospective randomised double-blind placebo-controlled study.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2008;
67 (4)
620-628
- 46
Mainie I, Loughrey A, Watson J et al.
Percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy sites infected by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus:impact and outcome.
Clin Gastroenterol.
2006;
40
297-300
- 47
Thomas S, Cantrill S, Waghorn D J et al.
The role of screening and antibiotic prophylaxis in the prevention of percutaneous
gastrostomy site infection caused by methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus.
Aliment Pharmacol Ther.
2007;
25 (5)
593-597
- 48
Horiuchi A, Nakayama Y, Kajiyama M et al.
Nasopharyngeal decolonization of methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus can reduce
PEG peristomal wound infection.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2006;
101 (2)
274-277
- 49
Rao G G, Osman M, Johnson L et al.
Prevention of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy site infections caused by methicillin-resistant
Staphylococcus aureus.
J Hosp Infect.
2004;
58 (1)
81-83
- 50
Mahadeva S, Sam I C, Khoo B L et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis tailored to local organisms reduces percutaneous gastrostomy
site infection.
Int J Clin Pract.
2009;
63 (5)
760-765
- 51
Blomberg J, Lagergren P, Martin L et al.
Novel approach to antibiotic prophylaxis in percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy (PEG):
randomised controlled trial.
BMJ.
2010;
341
: c3115
DOI: 10.1136 /bmj.c3115
- 52
Zopf Y, Konturek P, Nuernberger A et al.
Local infection after placement of percutaneous endoscopic gastrostomy tubes: A prospective
study evaluating risk factors.
Can J Gastroenterol.
2008;
22 (12)
987-991
- 53
Fernandez J, Ruiz de lArbol L, Gomez C et al.
Norfloxacin vs. ceftriaxone in the prophylaxis og infections in patients with advanced
cirrhosis and hemorrhage.
Gastroenterology.
2006;
131
1049-1056
- 54
Hou M C, Lin H C, Liu T T et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis after endoscopic therapy prevents rebleeding in acute variceal
hemorrhage: a randomized trial.
Hepatology.
2004;
39
746-753
- 55
Pohl J, Pollmann K, Sauer P et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis after variceal hemorrhage reduces incidence of early rebleeding.
Hepatogastroenterology.
2004;
51
541-546
- 56
Vlachogiannakos J, Sklavos P, Viazis N et al.
Long-term prognosis of cirrhotics with an upper gastrointestinal bleeding episode:
does infection play a role?.
J Gastroenterol hepatol.
2008;
23
438-444
- 57
Jun C H, Park C H, Lee W S et al.
Antibiotic prophylaxis using third generation cephalosporins can reduce the risk of
early rebleeding in the first acute gastroesophageal variceal hemorrhage: a prospective
randomized study.
J Korean Med Sci.
2006;
21
883-890
- 58
Levy M J, Norton I D, Clain J E et al.
Prospective study of bacteremia and complications with EUS FNA of rectal and perirectal
lesions.
Clin Gastroenterol Hepatol.
2007;
5 (6)
684-689
- 59
Sing J Jr, Erickson R, Fader R.
An in vitro analysis of microbial transmission during EUS-guided FNA and the utility
of sterilization agents.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2006;
64
774-779
- 60
Shah J N, Muthusamy V R.
Minimizing complications of endoscopic ultrasound and EUS- guided fine needle aspiration.
Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am.
2007;
17
129-143
- 61
Jacobsen B C, Baron T H American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy et al..
ASGE guideline: the role of endoscopy in the diagnosis and the management of cystic
lesions and inflammatory fluid collections of the pancreas.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2008;
67
471-475
- 62
Cotton P B, Connor P, Rawls E et al.
Infection after ERCP, and antibiotic prophylaxis: a sequential quality-impovement
approach over 11 years.
Gastrointestinal Endoscopy.
2008;
67 (3)
471-475
- 63
Masci E, Toti G, Mariani A et al.
Complications of diagnostic and therapeutic ERCP:a prospective multicenter study.
Am J Gatsroenterol.
2001;
96
417-423
- 64
Motte S, Deviere J, Dumonceau J M et al.
Risk factors for septicemia following endoscopic biliary stenting.
Gatsroenterology.
1991;
101
1374-1381
- 65
Bai Y, Gao F, Gao J et al.
Prophylactic antibiotics cannot prevent endoscopic retrograde cholangiopancreatography-induced
cholangitis: a meta-analysis.
Pancreas.
2009;
38 (2)
126-130
- 66
Chang J H, Lee I S, Choi J Y et al.
Biliary stricture after adult right-lobe living-donor liver transplantation with duct-to-duct
anastomosis:long-term outcome and its related factors after endoscopic treatment.
Gut and Liver.
2010;
4 (2)
226-233
- 67
Arya N, Nelles S E, Haber G B et al.
Electrohydraulic lithotripsy in 111 patients: a safe and effective therapy for difficult
bile duct stones.
Am J Gastroenterol.
2004;
99
2330-2334
- 68
Oh H C, Lee S K, Lee T Y et al.
Analysis of percutaneous transhepatic cholangioscopy- related complications and the
risk factors for those complications.
Endoscopy.
2007;
39
731-736
- 69
Nourani S, Haber G.
Cholangiopancreatoscopy: A comprehensive review.
Gastrointest Endoscopy Clin N Am.
2009;
19
527-543
- 70
American Society for Gastrointestinal Endoscopy .
Technology status evaluation report: Cholangiopancreatoscopy.
Gastrointest Endosc.
2008;
68
411-421
- 71
Zoepf T.
Photodynamic therapy of cholangiocarcinoma.
HBP.
2008;
10
161-163
- 72
Livraghi T, Solbiati L, Meloni M F et al.
Treatment of focal liver tumors with percutaneous radio-frequency ablation: complications
encountered in a multicenter study.
Radiology.
2003;
226
441-451
- 73
Elias D, Di Pietroantonio D, Gachot B et al.
Liver abscess after radiofrequency ablation of tumors in patients with a biliary tract
procedure.
Gastroenterol Clin Biol.
2006;
30
823-827
- 74
Shibata T, Yamamoto Y, Yamamoto N et al.
Cholangitis and liver abscess after percutaneous ablation therapy for liver tumors:
incidence and risk factors.
J Vasc Interv Radiol.
2003;
14
1535-1542
- 75 Empfehlung zur Prävention und Kontrolle von MRSA-Stämmen in Krankenhäusern und
anderen medizinischen Einrichtungen. (Krinko RKI 2008)
- 76
Von Baum H, Ober J F, Wendt C et al.
Antibiotic-Resistant Bloodstream Infections in Hospitalized Patients: Specific Risk
Factors in a High-Risk Population?.
Infection.
2005;
33
320-326
- 77
Jain R, Kralovic S M, Evans M E et al.
Veterans Affairs Initiative to Prevent Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus
Infections.
N Engl J Med.
2011;
364
1419-1430
- 78
McCarthy N, Sullivan P, Gaynes R et al.
Health care-associated and community-associated Methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus
aureus infections: A comparison of definitions.
Am J Infect control.
2010;
38
600-606
- 79
Conrad A, Dettenkofer M, Widmer A.
Kontrolle von Methicillin-resistenten Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA).
Klinikarzt.
2011;
40 (3)
126-132
- 80 Kommentar zu den „Empfehlungen zur Prävention und Kontrolle von MRSA-Stämmen in
Krankenhäusern und anderen medizinischen Einrichtungen“ Hinweise zu Risikopopulationen
für die Kolonisation mit MRSA Robert Koch-Institut. Epidemiologisches Bulletin Nr.42;
2008 Oktober 363f
Dr. Ulrich Rosien
Medizinische Klinik, Israelitisches Krankenhaus
Orchideenstieg 14
22297 Hamburg
Phone: ++ 49/40/5 11 25 50 01
Fax: ++ 49/40/5 11 25 50 11
Email: u.rosien@ik-h.de